"The city was chartered around 1250, but had been under
control of the counts of Calw since the 11th century."

The Catholic Encyclopedia mentions the Counts of Calw on control of this region in the mid-9th century. The Encylopedia does not state how far back in time the name Calw was is use.

The River Rhone begins near this settlement and flows south, passing Avignon, the temporary headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church in the 14the century, as well as St. Gilles, and Toulon, said to be the region from where the legendenary three Caldwell brothers migrated to Scotland.

St. Gilles is also the name of a church in the hamlet of Caldwell, Derbyshire, England. Many parish churches throughout England and Scotland were named after St. Gilles.

The present church in Caldwell, Derbyshire dates back to the 14th century, but there are remnants of the earlier Anglo-Saxon church of the 9th century.