On his tombstone, and in his last will, the father of famed North Carolina pastor, Rev. David Caldwell, 1725-1824, called himself Andrew Caldwell. Yet for much of his life he spelled his name Calwell and Calwall, Scottish variants of Caldwell, that began to disappear in the eighteenth century, as Scotland increasingly assimilated English pronunication and spellings. Calwell appears on the 1741 deed to his farm in Drumore Township, Pennsylvania. Calwall is the surname listed on the baptism record of his son, Andrew, born 1735 in Glasgow. When his son Alexander succeeded as head of the household, a 1759 assessor's survey listed him as Alexander Calwell. Andrew Caldwell's tombstone states that he died at age 45 in 1757. By implication, he was born in 1712. There are no known records of his birth in Scotland, although a 1842 biography of Rev. Caldwell states that his father migrated from Scotland. Based on a speculation that he named his first son, David, after his own father, I checked the LDS records for a David Calwell or Calwall born in the 1790s, and there is only one, David Calwell, b. 1793, Lochwinnock, a few miles east of Beith, Ayrshire, and about five miles west of the hamlet of present day Caldwell and Caldwell Parish, in present day East Renfrewshire. The surname Calwell can be traced in the LDS records back to when Scotland first began systematically recording baptisms, shortly after the Reformation, in the sixteenth century. Rev. David Caldwell's father has often been confused with another Andrew (Andrus) Caldwell, b. 1793, who migrated from North Ireland about 1716 and died in 1752, also a resident of Drumore Township. The latter Andrus Caldwell married Ann Stewart, while Rev. Caldwell's father married Martha, whose maiden name still eludes us. Proof was provided by comparing the last wills of each Andrew Caldwell, as was done in a published biography by Ethel S. Arnett of the Rev. David Caldwell. Lochwinnock lies adjacent to the former Mure of Caldwell Estate, acquired when a Sir Gilcrest Mure married the remaining heiress to the Caldwell Estate. There is a possibility that the surname Caldwell, or variant spelling thereof, originated in Scotland as early as the twelfth century, because the Scottish King Malcolm (Canmore) in the twelfth century mandated that all inhabitants of Scotland take a surname based on their landed possessions. King David I, who owned estates both in England and Scotland, granted lands to many Englishmen during his reign and perhaps he transferred lands to a Caldwell. I understand that the royal charters no longer exist that might affirm this. The Domesday Book of 1086 was a survey only of England, not Scotland; it includes reference to numerous Caldwell manors and settlements predating the Norman invasion, coinciding with the former Kingdom of Mercia.